在工業(yè)管道與民用供水系統(tǒng)中，閥門如同控制水流的 “開關(guān)衛(wèi)士”，而銹蝕是威脅其壽命的隱患。從潮濕的地下室到露天的管道井，閥門一旦被銹跡侵蝕，不僅會出現(xiàn)開關(guān)卡頓、密封失效，嚴(yán)重時還會導(dǎo)致管道漏水甚至爆裂。做好防銹處理，需要從表面清理、涂層防護到日常維護多管齊下，為閥門筑起一道密不透風(fēng)的 “防腐屏障”。

　　In industrial pipelines and civilian water supply systems, valves are like "switch guards" that control water flow, and corrosion is a hidden danger that threatens their lifespan. From damp basements to open-air pipeline wells, once valves are corroded by rust, not only will there be switch jamming and seal failure, but in severe cases, it can also cause pipeline leakage or even bursting. To do a good job of rust prevention, it is necessary to take multiple measures from surface cleaning, coating protection to daily maintenance to build a tight and airtight "anti-corrosion barrier" for the valve.

　　閥門防銹的第一步是徹底的表面清理，這如同給閥門 “洗去污垢”，讓防銹材料能緊密附著。對于新出廠的閥門，需用鋼絲刷或砂紙打磨掉表面的氧化皮、毛刺和油污，尤其要注意閥桿螺紋、法蘭密封面等縫隙處，這些地方容易藏污納垢成為銹蝕起點。若閥門已出現(xiàn)輕微銹跡，可用檸檬酸溶液（濃度 5%-10%）浸泡 20-30 分鐘，利用酸性物質(zhì)軟化銹層，再用尼龍刷輕輕刷洗，避免用硬質(zhì)工具刮傷金屬表面。清理完畢后，要用清水沖洗殘留的清潔劑，并用壓縮空氣吹干或自然晾干，確保表面水分含量低于 5%，否則水分會在涂層下形成氣泡，反而加速銹蝕。

　　The first step in rust prevention for valves is a thorough surface cleaning, which is like "washing away dirt" from the valve, allowing the rust prevention material to adhere tightly. For newly manufactured valves, it is necessary to use a wire brush or sandpaper to polish off the surface oxide scale, burrs, and oil stains, especially paying attention to the gaps such as valve stem threads and flange sealing surfaces, which are prone to accumulate dirt and become the starting point of corrosion. If there is slight rust on the valve, soak it in citric acid solution (concentration 5% -10%) for 20-30 minutes, soften the rust layer with acidic substances, and then gently brush it with a nylon brush to avoid scratching the metal surface with hard tools. After cleaning, rinse the remaining cleaning agent with clean water and dry it with compressed air or let it air dry naturally to ensure that the surface moisture content is below 5%. Otherwise, moisture will form bubbles under the coating, which will accelerate corrosion.

　　表面清理后，涂層防護是防銹的核心環(huán)節(jié)，不同材質(zhì)的閥門需搭配不同的 “防腐外衣”。鑄鐵或碳鋼閥門適合涂覆環(huán)氧底漆，這種涂料附著力強（拉開法附著力≥5MPa），能隔絕空氣和水分，干燥后再刷一層氯化橡膠面漆，其耐候性（人工加速老化 1000 小時無開裂）適合戶外閥門使用，整體涂層厚度控制在 80-120μm 為宜。不銹鋼閥門雖本身耐腐蝕，但焊接處和螺紋部分仍需防護，可涂抹硅基潤滑脂（滴點≥180℃），既隔絕濕氣又不影響開關(guān)操作。銅制閥門則適合用清漆或蠟質(zhì)涂層，這類材料不會與銅發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)，還能保持閥門表面的金屬光澤，施工時需注意均勻涂刷，避免漏涂形成 “防銹死角”。

　　After surface cleaning, coating protection is the core link of rust prevention, and valves of different materials need to be equipped with different "anti-corrosion coatings". Cast iron or carbon steel valves are suitable for coating with epoxy primer, which has strong adhesion (pull-out adhesion ≥ 5MPa) and can isolate air and moisture. After drying, apply a layer of chlorinated rubber topcoat, which has weather resistance (no cracking after 1000 hours of artificial accelerated aging) and is suitable for outdoor valve use. The overall coating thickness should be controlled at 80-120 μ m. Although stainless steel valves are inherently corrosion-resistant, the welding and threaded parts still require protection. Silicon based grease (drip point ≥ 180 ℃) can be applied to isolate moisture and not affect switch operation. Copper valves are suitable for use with clear varnish or wax coating. These materials will not react chemically with copper and can maintain the metallic luster of the valve surface. During construction, attention should be paid to uniform coating to avoid missed coating and the formation of "rust prevention dead corners".

　　對于長期浸泡在水中的閥門（如水泵出口閥），除了外部涂層，內(nèi)部防銹同樣關(guān)鍵。可在閥門內(nèi)腔注入少量機械油（粘度等級 32-46），通過開關(guān)閥門讓油膜均勻覆蓋內(nèi)壁，形成隔絕水與金屬的保護層。閥桿與閥蓋的間隙處，需定期加注石墨潤滑脂，其固體顆粒能填充縫隙，既減少摩擦磨損，又阻止水分滲入，每次加注量以覆蓋螺紋表面為宜，過多反而會吸附灰塵形成油泥。對于法蘭連接的閥門，安裝時要在墊片兩側(cè)涂抹密封膠（耐溫范圍 - 20℃~150℃），固化后形成彈性密封層，防止雨水從法蘭間隙侵入。

　　For valves that have been immersed in water for a long time (such as water pump outlet valves), in addition to external coating, internal rust prevention is also crucial. A small amount of mechanical oil (viscosity grade 32-46) can be injected into the valve cavity, and the oil film can be evenly covered on the inner wall by opening and closing the valve, forming a protective layer that isolates water and metal. The gap between the valve stem and the valve cover needs to be regularly filled with graphite grease, whose solid particles can fill the gap, reducing friction and wear while preventing moisture from seeping in. The amount of grease added each time should cover the threaded surface, as too much may adsorb dust and form oil sludge. For valves with flange connections, sealant (temperature resistance range -20 ℃~150 ℃) should be applied on both sides of the gasket during installation. After curing, an elastic sealing layer should be formed to prevent rainwater from entering the flange gap.

　　戶外或潮濕環(huán)境中的閥門，還需額外的 “物理防護” 來增強防銹效果。露天安裝的閥門可加裝防雨罩（材質(zhì)選用玻璃鋼或 PVC），罩體底部預(yù)留排水孔，避免積水浸泡閥門；埋地閥門則要設(shè)置混凝土井室，井室內(nèi)放置硅膠干燥劑（每立方米空間放 500g），降低空氣濕度至 60% 以下。部分易銹部位（如手輪軸、閥桿螺母）可采用熱浸鍍鋅處理，鋅層厚度≥85μm，利用鋅的犧牲陽極作用，即使涂層局部破損，鋅也會優(yōu)先被腐蝕，保護底層金屬不生銹。對于精度較高的調(diào)節(jié)閥，可在表面鍍一層鉻（厚度 5-10μm），既耐磨又防銹，同時保持閥桿的光滑度，確保調(diào)節(jié)功能靈敏。

　　Valves in outdoor or humid environments require additional 'physical protection' to enhance their rust prevention effect. Valves installed outdoors can be equipped with rain covers (made of fiberglass or PVC), with drainage holes reserved at the bottom of the cover to prevent water from soaking the valve; For buried valves, a concrete well chamber should be set up, in which silica gel desiccant (500g per cubic meter of space) should be placed to reduce air humidity to below 60%. Parts that are prone to rust, such as the handwheel and valve stem nuts, can be hot-dip galvanized with a zinc layer thickness of ≥ 85 μ m. By utilizing the sacrificial anode effect of zinc, even if the coating is locally damaged, zinc will be preferentially corroded to protect the underlying metal from rusting. For high-precision regulating valves, a layer of chromium (thickness 5-10 μ m) can be plated on the surface, which is both wear-resistant and rust proof, while maintaining the smoothness of the valve stem to ensure sensitive regulating function.

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